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Perpetual Enigma

Notes from the Frontiers of Mathematics

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Author: Prateek Joshi

VC at Moxxie Ventures. Founder/CEO of Plutoshift. Author of 13 books on ML. Featured on Forbes, NBC, Bloomberg, CNBC, TechCrunch, Silicon Valley Business Journal, and more. You can visit prateekj.com to learn more.

Digital Watermarking

March 25, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 3 Comments

Let's say you want to verify the authenticity of a signal. The signal can take any form like an image, audio, video, or any other kind of bit stream. By now, everybody would have heard the term "watermark" being used in the general sense. The most common example would be currency notes. Watermarks are embedded … Continue reading Digital Watermarking

Image Steganography

March 20, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 3 Comments

As discussed in my previous post, steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place. We achieve this by hiding original information inside other information known as carrier files. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency of occurrence on … Continue reading Image Steganography

Steganography

March 16, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 1 Comment

Let's say that we want to communicate with someone secretly. We prefer that only the intended recipient have the ability to decode the contents of the communication. We obviously want to keep the message secret. Sounds familiar? A common solution to this problem is to use encryption. An encryption scheme takes a message and transforms … Continue reading Steganography

Bayes Point Machines

March 5, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ Leave a comment

In machine learning, we use a lot of supervised learning models to analyze data and recognize patterns. If we consider the basic problem of binary classification, a machine learning algorithm takes a set of input data and predicts which of two possible classes a particular input belongs to. Kernel-classifiers comprise a powerful class of non-linear … Continue reading Bayes Point Machines

How To Install Valgrind On Mac OS X

February 27, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 30 Comments

As your code gets bigger, keeping track of memory becomes critical. These things often become the source of huge crashes and annoying bugs. Detecting them manually is a very tedious process. So we need a tool to manage all this for us. This is where Valgrind comes into picture. Valgrind is a programming tool for … Continue reading How To Install Valgrind On Mac OS X

What Are Conditional Random Fields?

February 23, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 2 Comments

This is a continuation of my previous blog post. In that post, we discussed about why we need conditional random fields in the first place. We have graphical models in machine learning that are widely used to solve many different problems. But Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) address a critical problem faced by these graphical models. … Continue reading What Are Conditional Random Fields?

Why Do We Need Conditional Random Fields?

February 23, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 3 Comments

This is a two-part discussion. In this blog post, we will discuss the need for conditional random fields. In the next one, we will discuss what exactly they are and how do we use them. The task of assigning labels to a set of observation sequences arises in many fields, including computer vision, bioinformatics, computational … Continue reading Why Do We Need Conditional Random Fields?

Asymmetric Dominance Effect

February 21, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 3 Comments

Let's consider a situation. There is a company with two products, A and B. Both these products have their own merits and demerits. Product A has relatively less features, but it's price is low. Product B, on the other hand, has more features but it's more expensive. Consumers tend to pick both these products depending … Continue reading Asymmetric Dominance Effect

Derandomization Of RANSAC

February 15, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 2 Comments

Let's say you are a clothes designer and you want to design a pair of jeans. Since you are new to all this, you go out and collect a bunch of measurements from people to see how to design your jeans as far as sizing is concerned. One aspect of this project would be to … Continue reading Derandomization Of RANSAC

Non-ASCII Character Syntax Error In Python

February 15, 2013November 1, 2013 ~ Prateek Joshi ~ 7 Comments

So you played around with Python enough to get to this error? Good. Now let's see what happened here. When you copy something and paste it into a .py file, some of the characters may not be copied correctly. Given below is the error Python usually spews out when that happens:   SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character … Continue reading Non-ASCII Character Syntax Error In Python

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